December 2025

After a concussion, most people focus on the brain itself, but the pathways responsible for removing toxins from the brain extend far beyond it. The brain depends on an internal “cleansing” system known as the glymphatic system, which helps remove cellular waste and metabolic byproducts that accumulate during normal brain activity. This system does not […]

A concussion is more than a short-term injury. For many individuals who later develop post concussion syndrome, it sets off a series of changes in the brain that ripple throughout the entire body. Within minutes of impact, the brain shifts into a protective state, activating immune and metabolic pathways designed to repair tissue and clear

A concussion does not only affect thinking or memory. It can also create sleep problems after concussion, especially when the body’s stress response becomes unbalanced. These sleep disturbances after concussion are closely linked to cortisol. The hormone cortisol, often called the “stress hormone,” plays a central role in this process. Cortisol helps the body stay